Q: If _WIN32 is defined on windows, what is defined for Linux or Mac?
A: __linux__, and __APPLE__, not to mention __ANDROID__ (which is a type of __linux__, so something like __linux__ && !__ANDROID__ is possible).
Q: If _WIN32 is defined on windows, what is defined for Linux or Mac?
A: __linux__, and __APPLE__, not to mention __ANDROID__ (which is a type of __linux__, so something like __linux__ && !__ANDROID__ is possible).
Q: What does the preprocessor command #define do?
A: It creates a macro, which is to say, it let's you associate a word with an expression. Before compiling your code, the precompiler will replace every instance of that word with that expression. While most macros you see are quite simple, you can do pretty amazing things with them. See here for a detailed reference.
Q: What does the preprocessor command #ifndef do?
A: Checks if a token has already been defined earlier in the file, or in a previous file, then includes anything between it and #else or #endif.
Q: What happens when you pass printf a variable that does not match the pattern?
A:
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
// This depends heavily on the kind of mistake you want to make. Some
// examples:
// A character is really a number, so this is fine.
printf("%c\n", 109);
// And vice-versa.
printf("%d\n", 'm');
// A string really just points to the memory address of the first character,
// and %d will try to interpret that address as a base ten number, so this
// will be something different every time you run the program.
printf("%d\n", "moo");
// These examples all happen to give you something, but the compiler has no
// idea what to do with something like 'printf("%s\n", 13);', and will give
// you a Segment Fault error.
return 0;
}
> ./wrong
m
109
340750348
Q: What other patterns can be used with printf?
A: More than are worth memorizing (at least all at once). As the chapter states, it's best to check a good reference.
Q: Write a function 'reverse(s)' that reverses the character string 's'. Use it to write a program that reverses the input one line at a time.
A:
#include <stdio.h>
// Using the same basic format is previous exercises and examples
#define MAXLINE 1000
int get_a_line(char s[], int lim);
void reverse(char s[]);
int main(void)
{
char line[MAXLINE];
while ((get_a_line(line, MAXLINE)) > 0) {
reverse(line);
printf("%s", line);
}
return 0;
}
int get_a_line(char s[], int lim)
{
int c, i;
for (i = 0; i < lim-1 && (c=getchar()) != EOF && c != '\n'; ++i) {
s[i] = c;
}
if (c == '\n') {
s[i] = c;
++i;
}
s[i] = '\0';
return i;
}
void reverse(char s[])
{
char temp[MAXLINE];
int i, j;
i = 0;
while ((temp[i] = s[i]) != '\0')
++i;
/* Reversing the newline looks ugly. In real life, we might strip that
* char of whitespace before reversing it, as per the last lesson. */
j = 0;
--i;
s[i--] = '\n';
while (i >= 0) {
s[i] = temp[j];
++j;
--i;
}
}
./reverse
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